Pdf this study was carried out to throw light on the causes and management of puerperal sepsis from the health personnels view point in. Pdf puerperal sepsis, the leading cause of maternal. Conclusion evaluation of characteristics of nearmiss cases helps in establishing severe. Postpartum infections comprise a wide range of entities that can occur after vaginal and cesarean delivery or during breastfeeding. Pdf puerperal sepsis, the leading cause of maternal deaths. If the temperature persists even after 10 days patient with post partum fever can be assumed to have genital. Puerperal sepsis or postpartum infection refers to the condition of developing bacterial infection in women after childbirth or during breastfeeding. Puerperal sepsis is an important cause of maternal death, accounting for 5% of maternal deaths in new zealand2. Puerperal sepsis infection of the genital tract following child birth.
Puerperal pyrexiasepsis is one of the causes of preventable maternal morbidity and mortality though in our study it was not proved. Sepsis through pelvic exams, trauma during labour or prolonged labour needs to be evaluated and assessed on how using aseptic techniques and principles can reduce the risk of cross. Most postpartum infections take place after hospital discharge, which is usually 24 hours after delivery. Specifically, it presents evidencebased recommendations on interventions for preventing and treating genital tract infections during labour, childbirth or. Itis afact onlytoo well knownto all of us that the mortality from causes connected with childbearingis still highinthis country, andthatrecent years have seen very little if any improvement. The objective of management in puerperal sepsis is to make an early diagnosis, treat, prevent complications, and consequently to improve quality of life. Puerperal pyrexia and sepsis are among the leading causes of preventable maternal morbidity and mortality not only in developing countries but in developed countries as well. Puerperal sepsis is caused by bacterium being introduced into the genital tract and women that are in labour or giving birth are more susceptible due to large genital tract surface area.
We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. Puerperal septicemia as used by many is also objectionable. Nov 16, 2018 sepsis is a potentially lifethreatening condition caused by the bodys response to an infection. Puerperal sepsis, especially after c sections abortion related sepsis uganda. Mar 19, 2015 the puerperal infection or the puerperal sepsis occurs to the women due to the infection related to giving birth. Importance of puerperal infections to maternal morbidity and mortality definition of puerperal fever and puerperal sepsis various puerperal abnormalities causes of puerperal fever aseptic and antiseptic measures to be adopted for the prevention of puerperal sepsis management of the various abnormalities. Endometritis is the most common cause of puerperal sepsis12. Bmc pregnancy and childbirth puerperal sepsis, the leading cause of maternal deaths at a tertiary university teaching hospital in uganda joseph ngonzi 0 yarine fajardo tornes 0 peter kivunike mukasa 0 wasswa salongo 0 jerome kabakyenga 2 masembe sezalio 0 kristien wouters 1 3 yves jacqueym 1 3 jeanpierre van geertruyden 1 3 0 department of obstetrics and gynecology, mbarara. Sample registration system srs, india estimated that 16% and 11% maternal deaths in the year 1998 survey of causes of death and 200103special.
Who recommendations for prevention and treatment of maternal. Therefore more research into puerperal sepsis to describe the microbiology and epidemiology of. Endometritis is an inflammation of the uterus lining, also called the endometrium. Bloodletting was widely accepted as a cure, however physicians understood more needed to be done to stop the spread of sepsis. Some of the most common bacteria causing puerperal sepsis are streptococci, staphylococci, escherichia coli li, clostridium tetani, clostridium welchii, chlamydia and gonococci bacteria which cause sexually transmitted diseases. An infection from childbirth, surgery, or an sti, such as chlamydia, are among the causes. Signs and symptoms usually include a fever greater than 38. Early recognition through a detailed clinical workup is mandatory, as sepsis and shock can develop and be fatal in the absence of proper therapy. Puerperal sepsis is now the leading cause of maternal death, which means more medical research need to be undertaken in order to reduce the number of cases. To determine the risk factors and complications of puerperal sepsis.
Some women are more vulnerable to puerperal sepsis, for example those who are anaemic andor malnourished. The abortion category includes induced abortion, miscarriage, and ectopic pregnancy. In addition to trauma sustained during the birth process or cesarean procedure, physiologic changes during pregnancy contribute to the development of postpartum infections. It still accounts for significant postpartum maternal morbidity and mortality. Ppt puerperal sepsis powerpoint presentation free to. The most common bacteria known to cause the infections include chlamydia, clostridium welchii, clostridium tetani, e. Out of 302 patients with puerperal problems there were 92 patients with puerperal sepsis which makes 30. For analysis purposes, we grouped maternal causes of death into seven main categories of direct and indirect causes. T he microbe that causes the disease is sphericalshaped bacteria, the incubation period is 4 days, and the incubation period is the period between the beginning of the infection and the appearance of symptoms of the disease. Puerperal sepsis, the leading cause of maternal deaths at a tertiary university teaching hospital in uganda. The abortion complications included postabortion septic shock and hemorrhage and these constituted 10. The content then covers the factors which contribute to the infection, how it can be identified and differentiated from other conditions, how it can be prevented and, if it does occur, how it can be managed.
Puerperal sepsis symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment information for puerperal sepsis puerperal fever with alternative diagnoses, fulltext book chapters, misdiagnosis, research treatments, prevention, and prognosis. Whether the delivery is cesarean or vaginal, if a woman has sustained any trauma she runs a risk of developing puerperal sepsis. Management of puerperal sepsis geneva foundation for. Puerperal sepsis definition of puerperal sepsis by. Puerperal sepsis global overview international conference on public health colombo, may 2015 jeffrey smith, md, mph vice president for technical leadership causes of maternal death.
Puerperal sepsis, the leading cause of maternal deaths at a. Child fever or puerperal sepsis is a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. It is one of the leading causes of postpartum mortality in the world. Puerperal sepsis, the leading cause of maternal deaths at. The typical pain that many women feel in the immediate postpartum period also makes it. The term puerperal fever should be abandoned, as it is too broad and includes conditions which are not peculiar to the puerperal state, hence misleading.
Demographic details are described in table1, antenatal booking status was 0. Use of unclean medical instruments on the private parts and touching the motherread more. Sepsis occurs when the bodys response to these chemicals is out of balance, triggering changes that can damage multiple organ systems. Most frequent puerperal complication thromboembolisn any bactrial infection of the genital tract, and or a temp of 38, and or any of the 2 differential diagnosis occuring within the first 10 days postpartum exclusive of the first 24 hours. The body normally releases chemicals into the bloodstream to fight an infection. Postpartum infections, also known as childbed fever and puerperal fever, are any bacterial infections of the female reproductive tract following childbirth or miscarriage. Antepartum factors anemia nutrition sexual intercourse. The puerperal sepsispyrexia presents commonly with fever and other symptoms like pelvic pain, foul smelling vaginal discharge and delayed reduction of the uterine size. Specifically, it presents evidencebased recommendations on interventions for preventing and treating genital tract infections during labour, childbirth or the puerperium. The sepsis must be transmitted from without to the inside. This study was carried out to throw light on the causes and management of puerperal sepsis from the health personnels view point in nnamdi azikiwe university teaching hospital nnewi, anambra state. Puerperal sepsis is bacterial infection of the genital tract which occurs after the birth of a baby. In the era of universally recommended antibiotic prophylaxis prior to caesarean section, ssis affect 35% of women undergoing caesarean section but prior studies had placed the rate of infection upwards of 15%.
Globally, the state of womens health is often retlected in. Sepsis is defined as infection plus systemic manifestations of infection, and can lead to septic shock if not identified and treated promptly1. Puerperal fever most persistent fevers after childbirth are caused by genital tract infection temperature 38. Puerperal sepsis is an important public health problem which is leading cause of maternal death, especially, in developing countries due to the lack of knowledge on preventive methods. Hemorrhage, hypertensive disorders, and puerperal sepsis were the leading causes of nearmiss cases. A puerperal infection is a more general term than puerperal sepsis and includes not only infections due to puerperal sepsis, but also all extragenital infections and incidental infectionswho. Maternal sepsis is a severe bacterial infection, usually of the uterus womb, which can occur in pregnant women or more commonly, in the days following childbirth. Nov 16, 2016 puerperal sepsis is a potential complication of postpartum infections. Puerperal sepsis is one of the leading problems women can face following child birth. The puerperal sepsis pyrexia presents commonly with fever and other symptoms like pelvic pain, foul smelling vaginal discharge and delayed reduction of the uterine size. This module begins with an explanation of the problem of puerperal sepsis. Puerperal sepsis is one of the five leading causes of maternal mortality worldwide the others being hypertension, haemorrhage, obstructed labour and unsafe abortion. Read more about symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, complications, causes and prognosis. Majority of the mothers with hypertensive disorders had eclampsia and.
It is the third most common cause of maternal death worldwide as a result of child birth after haemorrhage and abortion. In africa and asia, puerperal sepsis is the second commonest cause of maternal. Puerperal sepsis and multiple organ dysfunctions caused by group. Impact of puerperal sepsis selfcare nursing guideline on. The mortality rate for pregnancyrelated sepsis in the uk was 0. Pdf puerperal sepsis and its cause in patan hospital. Causes of maternal death direct hemorrhage sepsis eclampsia abortion obstructed labor 70% of maternal death due to 5 main causes 3 say lancet 2014. Puerperal sepsis is an important cause of maternal death, accounting for 5% of maternal deaths in. Puerperal sepsis definition of puerperal sepsis by medical. If the temperature persists even after 10 days patient with post partum fever can be assumed to have. The epidemiology of infections in the puerperium is not well understood.
Sepsis responsible for about 15% of all maternal deaths and considered to be one of the most important causes of maternal death, puerperal sepsis is a lifethreatening systemic infection predominantly caused by group a streptococcus 2 4 6 7. Infection affects 57% of postpartum women with higher rates for women undergoing caesarean sections, but real prevalence remains underestimated because surveillance systems are often limited to the acute care setting. Infection that occurs just after childbirth is also known as puerperal sepsis. The who defined puerperal sepsis in 1992 as an infection of the genital tract occurring at any time between the rupture of membranes or labour and the 42nd day post partum. In the uk, sepsis in the puerperium remains an important cause of maternal death.
Of all the individual causes of puerperal mortality sepsis is the most important on account of the high proportion of the total mortalityrate which is due to this. Sepsis in pregnant and puerperal women living in high income. Sepsis is the bodys extreme response to an infection. Puerperal sepsis is the leading cause of maternal deaths at mbarara regional referral hospital. Who recommendations for prevention and treatment of. Risk factors and complications of puerperal sepsis at a. Associated factors with puerperal sepsis among reproductive age. This study aimed to investigate the impact of puerperal sepsis selfcare nursing guidelines on womens knowledge and practice among primiparous postnatal mothers. Sepsis is one of the most important causes of maternal death in the uk, 3 and there is an 8% risk of mortality across hics. Cfhemsm95, j the prvention and management of puerperal sepsis. In the very first issue of this journal, in 1925, thomas watts eden, a. Causes of puerperal and neonatal sepsis in resource.
The content then covers the factors which contribute to the infection, how it. Four objectives and corresponding research questions were posed to guide the findings. Puerperal sepsis can cause longterm health problems such as chronic pelvic. Puerperal sepsis encompasses a wide range of postpartum infections mainly caused by bacteria. Puerperal sepsis is a potential complication of postpartum infections. Nov 12, 2019 sepsis is one of the most important causes of maternal death in the uk, 3 and there is an 8% risk of mortality across hics. Puerperal sepsis is an infective condition in the mother following childbirth. It is one of the leading causes of postpartum mortality.
The requisites for this infection must include an open or absorbing surface through which the infection passes. Textbooks and lexicons define puerperal fever as an acute infectious disease due to septic inoculation. Without timely treatment, sepsis can rapidly lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and. Puerperal sepsis refers to any widespread bacterial infection of the reproductive tract in a woman following childbirth.
Bacteria called group a streptococcus gas are an important cause of maternal sepsis. Puerperal sepsis and neonatal sepsis are important causes of mortality and morbidity in low. Bacterial infection following childbirth infection of the birth canal after the first 24 hours following delivery of a baby temperature 38o c taken by mouth, 4 times daily occur on any two of the first 10 days predisposing factors 1. Puerperal sepsis, as the name implies, is an infected condition of a lyingin patient, incident to the delivery of a child. Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about the bmj. The modern view of puerperal infection it is of great interest to notice the complete change of attitude since the war regarding the causes of the condition. Puerperal sepsis is one of the five leading causes of maternal mortality worldwide, and accounts for 15% of all maternal deaths. Descriptive research design was used and data was collected using questionnaire. Oct 11, 2019 postpartum infections comprise a wide range of entities that can occur after vaginal and cesarean delivery or during breastfeeding.